Introduction

The lakes between Istres and Fos-sur-Mer are natural limestone basins which historically contain fresh water. However, for a long time, man has manipulated the circulation of water between lakes and the sea. Two lakes are specially transformed because of a salinity level of over 300 grams of salt per litre. For comparison, sea water contains 35 grams, the Dead Sea 275 grams. We would therefore easily float on the lakes of Lavalduc and Engrenier. However, it is an industrial brine soiled by hydrocarbons, it is better not to get wet with this water. It comes from natural gas silos in the Manosque region.

Étang de Lavaluc holds another record: on its edge, we find ourselves on the lowest point in France with -10 metres below sea level. On its edge salt is deposited and these structures are constantly transforming. It is therefore useful to come back often. We approach it by bike from the southeast. The eastern shore is sandy, sometimes muddy and requires climbing over some rocks. It is better to leave the bicycles at the pump station. This detour on foot is definitely worth it, you see formations that you won't find anywhere else.

Because of the railway line, it is not easy or useful to try to go around the Étang de Lavalduc. On the other hand, we go around the Étang du Pourra further east. It is almost dry and it is one of the only lakes in an almost natural state. It is a protected natural area.

Along the way, it is possible to visit the ancient Greek archaeological site of St. Blaise. You have to leave the bike at the entrance, but it creates a nice break from the saddle. Because of these two optional parts on foot, we recommend bringing a bike lock.

The facts

14,4 km total distance

2 h 45 min movement time. incl. 1 h 20 min leave the bike and explore on foot

150 m total elevation

orientation average

mark 45% of the total distance

20% moderate trails

20% easy trails

15% forest roads

15% rutted forest roads

10% on beach

5% dirt roads

5% hard-surfaced roads without motorized traffic

5% hard-surfaced quiet side streets

dangers exposed sections, slippery mud after rain

children yes, but it's long

useful picnic stuff, bicycle lock

required Hardtail mountain bike and water

GPS coordinates (WGS84) of start and end point 43.443057567591964,4.984860677642131

downloads

Public transport

The easiest access by bike is via the Rassuen train tation in Istres on the Côte Bleue line between Marseille and Miramas. About ten correspondences stop here. Exit the station on the side of the larger station building then turn right. We arrive at an intersection which we cross, the signs for motorists indicate St. Blaise. At the next roundabout turn right, then continue in this direction to arrive at the St. Blaise car park. We then begin the tour in section 3. 4 kmometres more for one direction, train information can be found under TER PACA (only french), look for Gare de Rassuen.

Access by car

Access is from Arles on the N568 road towards Marseille and from Marseille towards Arles on the A55 motorway and the N568 road. Leave the main road at the St. Mitre exit and follow this direction at the next roundabout coming from Marseille, two roundabouts coming from Arles. At the next roundabout, we take the third exit towards the Forêt de Castillon. Follow this sign at the roundabout and at the next intersection. 60 metres further, we turn left and enter through a gate. This one is open between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., so you must leave this area in time.

Outside of these hours, it is better to reach the St. Blaise car park and start the tour at section 3. Leave the N568 north towards Istres. Then follow the signs towards St. Blaise. Departure from the car park.

Useful parking spaces

The Domaine de Castillon is a large public park with a single road open to motorized traffic which runs from south to north to the forest house. Park ahead in the designated parking lots. Those a little before the barrier offer more shade.

Hints

There is no source of drinking water along the route, so bring enough to drink. The winds can blow unpleasantly strong in all seasons. We pass through the zone of the August 2020 forest fire, the landscape may seem desolate, but it is also more open than before. A large part of the forest trails to be taken are devoid of markers and indications.

No section uses dedicated cycle or mountain bike paths. We ride on paths and forest roads where pedestrians always have priority.

All the water surfaces in the region are called étang (pond) even though they are all lakes (initially with freshwater) if we consider them geographically and historically. The term pond comes from the centuries when attempts were made to dry them out to gain salt. We keep here mainly the french name étang or simply lake.

The whole region is a zone with a high risk of forest fires. In summer, but also in other seasons when it is very dry or by strong winds, access to the forest areas can be regulated. As a result, the roads may be closed to traffic and/or the trails prohibited to hikers. Current information: Map of access to forests and exposed areas in Bouches-du-Rhône (only french). The map shows the colours green, yellow, orange and red which correspond to levels of danger.

In the Castillon Forest, the period of severe control of forest fires and the possiblilty of access bans extends from June 1st to September 30.

The sections

1. Tour of the Étang du Pourra counterclockwise.
2. Return to the plateau between the lakes.
3. Optional visit to the archaeological site of St. Blaise on foot.
4. Descent to the shore of the Étang de Lavalduc.
5. Trip along the edge of the Étang de Lavalduc on foot.
6. Return to the Castillon forest house.

Section 1: Étang du Pourra

➙ 5,1 km ... 25 min ➚ 5 m ➘ 68 m ↝ average

   ↙ Colors of the sections like MTB rating but without the duration.

5% hard-surfaced quiet side streets, few marks

10% hard-surfaced roads without motorized traffic, few marks
   ↖ small gravel

25% moderate trails, faulty marks
   ↖ potentially muddy passages

20% dirt roads, few marks

30% rutted forest roads, faulty marks
   ↖ potentially muddy passages

5% easy trails, without marks

5% moderate trails, without marks
   ↖ potentially muddy passages

We leave the parking lot in the direction in which we came there, therefore towards the north and in a straight line. We pass a large flat area, the forest house and after the barrier, there is no more car traffic. A first point of view is offered over the Étang du Pourra on the right.

Shortly after, we turn right and begin the descent on an old asphalt road. It has large transversal channels to drain rainwater. In front of these bumps masses of loose gravel accumulate which can cause people to fall badly.

On this portion there are signs that explain the management of the lake's water and the wildlife that has found refuge there. The first sign is found shortly after the start of the descent. It explains the historical attempts to drain the lake and the current management to maintain a humid balance in the center that gradually dries outwards.

Shortly before reaching the bottom there is another sign on the left. It has the shape of a panoramic table, but above all it explains the fauna and flora present in this very special humid, salty and hot environment.

Access to the Étang du Pourra wetland is prohibited to protect this sensitive area. We therefore do not continue straight, we turn right at the first opportunity to follow a fence of ganivelles.

Ganivelles are fences formed by the vertical assembly of split chestnut stakes that are often found on the sandy shores of France. They also help helding back flying sand to keep it in place.

From below we now see the rocky edge of the Forêt de Castillon plateau. All the lakes in the region are in depressions in a large limestone strata. The edges are often steep.

We stay on the path, even if the path then moves away from the fence. This entire area was wooded and was ravaged in 2000 and 2020 by fires. We must let the vegetation regain a foothold. Depending on the previous rains, it can be quite chaotic here.

The path makes a wide loop to bring us to the southern part of the lake. After a fork where we continue straight, we arrive near a few trees that have resisted the fires, here the route is erased by the fallen trees left in place. We turn roughly right to turn left 200 metres further and take a straight line towards the east and find a straight an still bumpy road.

We pass a horse stable which is in the protected area.

Beyond, the forest track becomes a little better as cars pass here.

A kilometre further, this road begins to climb, it's time to spot a blue marker which tells us to turn left. The crossing is also marked by a pile of stones.

Our new forest trail is in worse condition. It is often split to the left or right because of water holes after the rains.

By taking the right ones, you pass through a remnant of forest which escaped the last forest fires.

We have been driving alongside a high-voltage line for some time and finally we are driving directly under it. Now is the time to spot a wall on the left and a rusty metal rod on the right. Shortly after, a simple path deviates to the left.

We therefore turn left to follow the path which goes around the Étang du Pourra, now on the north side.

We come out on another forest track where we ride left for another 300 metres. We also start the ascent here.

At the next intersection, we keep right to enter the Vaupiane valley.

Section 2: Le plateau

➙ 2 km ... 35 min ➚ 66 m ➘ 5 m ↝ difficult

   ↙ Colors of the sections like MTB rating but without the duration.

25% rutted forest roads, without marks

75% forest roads, without marks

Here we bicycle back up the 50 metres of elevation on a fairly constant slope. There is no shade, we will inevitably sweat. In places, this road is heavily washed out by rainwater.

Subsequently, we are in a region completely ravaged by forest fires. There is an irregular network of forest trails that all look the same. The following directions and photos therefore explain each crossing and each bifurcation.

At the first fork in the middle of the climb, we continue straight ahead. We then have the view in the photo. So this is the second remaining uphill section.

When we almost arrive on the plateau there follows a crossroads where we try to keep the north direction, even if we deviate to the left.

Immediately after, turn right to keep heading north.

Shortly after, there is another crossroads in front of cliffs. Here on the right to go around them. A yellow and red marker on a tree stump also points in that direction.

At the next fork on the right. We see on the left a ruin which we will pass later. The path is now narrower.

The path leads us straight towards a group of small trees. Just behind is a natural viewpoint.

There remain charred wooden beams.

We are at the edge of the plateau and we see the Étang de Citis, it is an almost fresh water lake just as protected and managed as the Étang du Pourra.

We leave from the viewpoint towards the group of trees and we take the track on the right. It leads us directly to the foot of the ruined house.

Observing it in more detail, we see that it is built directly on the rocky edge as if one wanted to stay under the ridge without encroaching on the meager arable land.

You can walk up to the left of the house and go around it to see the interior through the missing roof. This view also shows us the further way.

At the next two junctions, you keep to the right. Here we pass the highest point of the tour just under 60 metres above sea level.

So also right at the second intersection.

There is no point in trying to advance directly from here to the archaeological site. After the 2020 fire, the fence was moved and we can no longer approach the rock tombs from this side.

We stay at the height for a few more moments to pass a rocky bar. You can go up there directly from the forest track. Here we have a better view of the Étang de Citis. It was tried to dry it up just like the Étang du Pourra. For this, tunnels were dug to connect it to the Étang de Berre and the Étang de Lavalduc. It was also transformed into a saline and it also sometimes dried up naturally. But today the level is maintained with a certain variability.

The photo also shows our path. It's finally going downhill.

We thus arrive at a barrier. Behind is the concrete path which goes up to the left to access the archaeological site (red arrow) which is described in the following section.

You can pass this tour by going down to the right towards the St. Blaise chapel, the reception house and to the lower parking lot (on the right, yellow arrow), you then go directly to section 4.

Section 3: St. Blaise

➙ 1,3 km ... 40 min ➚ 15 m ➘ 25 m ↝ average

100% easy trails, faulty marks
   ↖ leave the bike and explore on foot

Arriving from the top, we first access the main site and then pass to the reception pavilion. Both have the same changing opening hours, usually both are closed on Mondays.

The archaeological excavations are constantly changing. So the outer fence was massively extended beyond the Bergerie Graille, which made us take a detour in the last section. The forest fires destroyed some of the signs, but also revealed buried traces. The fire also makes the view a little clearer. In 2023, during our visit to the site, the information was very deficient and some signs were visibly placed in the wrong places. At the reception pavillon there is a map of the site, but it does not really help with the historical understanding of the place. However, there are also guided tours on Sundays except July and August.

Capital without a known name of the coastal tribe of Avatiques, who populated the region between the Rhône and Marseille, the oppidum of Saint-Blaise undoubtedly derived its wealth from the salt of the lakes, which it exploited and negotiated with its Greek neighbors and native ones. At the beginning of the 6th century BCE, the founding of Marseille by the Phocaeans gave new impetus to Saint-Blaise. It is above all a Celtic town, a Gallic oppidum which, for nearly five centuries, lived to the rhythm of its relations with the Greek city. Sometimes economic partners, sometimes competitors, even enemies, the two cities follow a parallel evolution.

A first wall was built by the Gauls in the so-called archaic period. A long decline followed.

In the 2nd century BCE, the Greeks arrived in the region and gave new economic impulses. The Gauls adopted the building style of the Greeks of Marseille. The more regular wall is the result.

Adopting a broken line layout more than 400 metres long, the Greek rampart forms the monumental covering of the previous native walls. Protected by a front wall, it includes three towers and three projections which frame eleven parapet walks, two to three metres wide. It is pierced by a main carriage gate in the lower town and two posterns in the upper town.

The installations are clearly defensive. Although there were significant exchanges between the Gallic site of St. Blaise and the Greek colonies of Marseille, these were also periods of acute rivalry with conflicts between all these ethnic groups.

At the end of the 2nd century BCE, here as elsewhere, the Gallic sites were definitively destroyed by Roman troops, called in as reinforcements by Greek Marseille.

From the so-called lower town, you go up to the left on a wooded plateau until you reach the edge of the cliff which overlooks the Étang de Lavalduc. We see it in full here the first time, it will accompany us in the following sections.

This plateau is also the site of the upper town of St. Blaise. It dates from the so-called Hellenistic period, therefore from the 2nd century BCE. The upper part is completely razed, further down, there remains a street between the bases of houses.

Between these house bases is this well with a rectangular section.

The southern salient is marked by four types of defenses. On the one hand there is the steep cliff, the better worked stones represent the Greek fortifications, further in the center are the earlier Gallic fortifications and even further in the center the late antique fortification.

From the top of the southern salient we can see tombs dug into the rock further away. You can get there by going down the embankment.

This photo is from 2023, so it is taken after the 2020 fire.

It is to the south and east of the ramparts that we find the greatest concentration of tombs. Sometimes arranged in small family groups, they were dug out of the rock and covered with flat stones. By their characteristics and by some objects unearthed, these burials belong to the Visigothic period (4th to 5th century CE).

These are the same graves as above, the photo dates from 2019, therefore before the fire of 2020.

After the tombs, we return to the oppidum.

The defensive wall is better preserved in the eastern part.

We also pass tower bases whose function has not yet been elucidated.

Now coming from above, we have a more extensive view of the old lower town.

We exit through the lower gate of the site and we can get back on the mountain bike for a short while.

After centuries of abandonment, the site of Saint-Blaise was reoccupied and fortified again at the beginning of the 5th century CE. As elsewhere in Provence, the end of Antiquity marks the regrouping of communities formerly dispersed in numerous small habitats.

Between the end of the 9th century and the 11th century, a second church was erected with the remains of a previous building and burials were organized around the apse. We can see the bases of this church in front of the current chapel.

Between the 9th and 12th centuries, texts reveal the name Ugium for the site. The main activity was still based on salt, always extracted from lakes.

In the 12th century the current chapel was finally built and the surrounding cemetery moved with it. It is the religious center of the Castelveyre castrum which was located between the church and the parking lot below.

We leave the chapel behind us and continue the descent along the concrete path. We once again have a good view over the Étang de Lavalduc.

We thus arrive at the site's reception pavilion.

Opening hours are identical to those of the open-air site above.

There are maps, signs and information beyond the archaeological surveys of the site. One thus focus on the Ségobriges, Celtic-Ligurian people living in the region before the arrival of the Greeks. One knows them mainly through the stories of these same Greek settlers and the legends created around the founding of Marseille.

A three-dimensional plan gives a realistic view of the lakes around St. Blaise. We clearly recognize the depressions of the bodies of water and the crests of the surrounding limestone plateau. The view is with the south at the top.

We leave the pavilion towards the parking lot and we can get back on our bikes.

Section 4: St. Blaise - Étang de Lavalduc

➙ 1,9 km ... 15 min ➚ 0 m ➘ 38 m ↝ average

   ↙ Colors of the sections like MTB rating but without the duration.

25% hard-surfaced quiet side streets, without marks

75% moderate trails, without marks

We pass the parking lot newly built in 2022 and then turn left.

At this barrier a section begins again for our mountain bikes. It is arranged along paths accompanying the two canals, most of them open, which supplied water to the city of Martigues. These canals are almost horizontal, the notable descents take place between the various levels down to the shore of the Étang de Lavalduc.

It starts with a passage where the canal is buried or filled. We pass under the cliff of the upper town of the oppidum from where we previously looked down.

Little by little, the canal appears on the left of the path. It is a ditch with greener vegetation than elsewhere.

We pass a few trees that survived the devastating fire of 2020 and the vegetation gradually becomes denser.

We arrive at a footbridge over the canal on the left and a short plant tunnel over our path.

Just after there is a fork where we continue straight ahead.

The downhill path to the right is reserved for experienced hikers because the bush that follows further down is extremely dense. On the shore follow rocks where you would have to carry the bike.

The canal is later filled with water at least in winter and spring. Here also persists the forest which covered the entire site before 2020.

Following this path, we arrive at a second junction where we also recommend continuing straight ahead.

The descent and passage to the shore of the lake are doable by mountain bike, but the terrain is very changeable. The steep descent can get messy and when the level of the lake is high, you have to pass through the rocks on the shore.

Continuing, we have a view of the southern part of the lake where we soon will arrive.

A third bifurcation is marked by a rock in the middle of the canal accompanying path. We have now passed the Étang de Lavalduc, it is the final moment to descend. It is a washed out path but with a moderate gradient.

We arrive at the bottom in front of a sodium bisulphite filtering station. As stated above, the Étang de Lavalduc and the Étang d'Engrenier further to the south are natural water reservoirs used for industrial purposes.

Section 5: L'Étang de Lavalduc

➙ 1,7 km ... 40 min ➚ 10 m ➘ 10 m ↝ average

100% on beach, without marks
   ↖ leave the bike and explore on foot

Although the beginning of the trip along the shore looks doable by mountain bike, we see ahead that rocks follow. This is particularly the case when the water level is higher. There are many little details to discover, so walking is recommended here. The bikes can be padlocked to the pumping station fence.

We therefore continue to the right of the pumping station.

We have been to the Étang de Lavalduc three times. In 2019 before the fire, in 2023 and in 2024. The salt deposits at the edge of the lake were different each time. It depends on the water level, the speed of change of this level and also the amount of rain that falls in winter.

The salt is of natural origin, but it comes from far away. It is rock salt from cavities under the hills north of Manosque. The rock salt is washed there with water and this water is transported here to the lakes of Lavalduc and Engrenier. Evaporation concentrates the brine even more to reach 97%.

Unfortunately, this is not natural and healthy salt water. On the one hand, transport from Manosque takes place in pipes also used to transport various gases and petroleum products. This brine is used in the Fos-sur-Mer industry for various purposes. We saw a sodium bisulfite extract station. All these operations are carried out without any respect for nature because one assumes that these basins are waterproof, which has not been scientifically proven. On March 12, 2007, during an accident, several hundred litres of fuel oil were spilled into the lakes of Engrenier and of Lavalduc.

Swimming is strongly discouraged for all the reasons cited above. Although it would be nice to float even more easily than in the Dead Sea.

Of course, the remaining vegetation also varies from year to year.

Some plants leave strange marks.

When it's not the plants that fascinate, it's the salt concretions and other minerals. The yellow color here, however, is pollen and not sulfur.

The soil here is made of hard mud.

The iridescent blue-pink color comes from a red algae called Rhodophytes.

The place is considered to have the highest evaporation in France.

Arriving near yellowish rocks which are debris that fell from the cliff higher up, you can either cross them and continue to find another beach or retrace your steps back.

We sometimes see large blocks of salt attached to much higher rocks on the shore. This clearly proves the variability of the water level which is here almost purely artificial.

We finally return to the pumping station to take back the bikes which we avoided contact with the salt by leaving them behind us.

Let's remember that we are here 10 metres below sea level and on the lowest point in France!

Section 6: Étang de Lavalduc - Foret de Castillon

➙ 2,4 km ... 15 min ➚ 61 m ➘ 0 m ↝ average

   ↙ Colors of the sections like MTB rating but without the duration.

35% forest roads, without marks

45% easy trails, without marks

20% hard-surfaced roads without motorized traffic, old marks

We therefore take the bikes again and we stay for a while longer around eight metres below sea level. We have to cross the very flat isthmus of Plan d'Aren which separates the Étang du Lavalduc from the Étang d'Engrenier further south. To do this, we take the wide white track on the right and turn with this track towards the south.

The Étang d'Engrenier is similar to that of Lavalduc, but it is not as easy to approach and its shore is less varied because its level is more stable.

Our track comes up against a closed fence and it is time for us to rideto the left and upwards.

We first follow this fence to arrive at another closed gate, but we continue to the left. We then have this view. A rutted track straight up or a bushy path on the right. Both go up to the Martigues canal which we had left before descending towards the Étang de Lavalduc.

At the top, we take to right and follow the canal path again.

You can only see Étang d'Grenier through the trees. It is as pink as the Étang de Lavalduc and it fulfills the same function of storing salt coming via pipelines from the salt deposits of Manosque. It is just as chemically polluted as the Étang de Lavalduc with which it communicates by a tunnel.

Its natural water level is nine metres below sea level. On March 22, 1984, the salinity reached 380 grams per liter, a maximum saturation killing all living organisms.

We stay for quite a long time on this easy path along the canal. It is also very regular and does not make sharp turns.

In a wooded area there is another small bridge over the canal. We could return here to St. Blaise by following blue markings.

When the path begins to bend to the right and when you are getting used to this easy route, you pass a ravine and a gate on the left (the photo is taken in reverse). It's time to turn left and go up a wide asphalt road.

This climb is painful. The asphalt is uneven. There are two bends and then another gate follows, but in less than five minutes of climbing we arrive on the plateau of the Castillon forest house and we are therefore directly at the starting point.

Sources and additional information

It is better to use a good topographic hiking map: this tour is on the IGN map "Étang de Berre, Istres, Marignene, Martigues", scale 1:25000, 3144OT.

If you don't want to bother with a paper map, you can also use mapping apps on your cell phone. On the one hand, it is the Géoportail app from the official map service IGN. However, it requires access to the data network and this is sometimes difficult in canyons or remote locations.

Alternatively, you can use apps that store data directly on the device. They're generally not free, but they don't cost much. We mainly use OSMAnd, here it is possible to add contour lines, relief shading, markings and others. To store this data on your phone you need a lot of space.

Of course, one needs access to satellites for the GPS signal with any app. In some canyons this is not the case. Therefore, do not rely on the position shown, but read the map on your phone as you would read it on paper. Most apps are available for Android and iPhone. The applications usually allow us to record the route travelled and also view the GPS files offered for each of our hikes.

This page has been seen 414 times since 20 March 2024.